Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) is a condition that arises from prolonged or repeated exposure to trauma, particularly in situations where the individual feels trapped or powerless, such as abuse, neglect, or captivity. It shares many symptoms with PTSD but includes additional challenges related to self-worth, emotional regulation, and relationships.

While PTSD typically stems from a single traumatic event (e.g., an accident or natural disaster), C-PTSD results from repeated trauma over a long period, often during childhood. People with C-PTSD may experience more persistent issues with emotional regulation, negative self-concept, and difficulty forming healthy relationships.

Symptoms of C-PTSD include:

Emotional dysregulation (difficulty managing feelings like anger, sadness, or fear)

Negative self-image (feeling worthless or unlovable)

Dissociation (feeling detached from reality or yourself)

Hypervigilance (constantly being on alert for danger)

Difficulty trusting others and maintaining relationships

Flashbacks or intrusive memories

Physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach issues, or chronic pain

C-PTSD is caused by prolonged trauma, often occurring in childhood or situations where escape wasn’t possible. Common causes include childhood abuse, domestic violence, human trafficking, being held captive, and extended emotional neglect.

A mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, can diagnose C-PTSD based on a comprehensive assessment of symptoms, trauma history, and psychological evaluation. Since C-PTSD is not officially listed in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), it may sometimes be diagnosed as PTSD with additional symptoms.

Yes, C-PTSD can be treated through a combination of therapies. Treatments may include:

Trauma-focused therapy (e.g., EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) to help with emotional regulation

Medication to manage symptoms of depression or anxiety

Mindfulness and relaxation techniques to help with grounding and coping

Support groups and safe environments where the individual can rebuild trust

There is no "cure" for C-PTSD, but with treatment, individuals can learn to manage symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. Healing from trauma is a process, and many people with C-PTSD experience significant improvement over time with the right support.

Yes, children who experience ongoing trauma, such as abuse, neglect, or exposure to violence, can develop C-PTSD. Early intervention and therapy are critical in helping children heal from trauma and build resilience.

Family and friends can support a loved one by:

Listening without judgment

Encouraging them to seek professional help

Being patient, as healing takes time

Educating themselves about C-PTSD to better understand the challenges

Offering practical support without being overbearing

For many, faith in Christ offers profound strength and hope during the healing process from C-PTSD. Christianity teaches that no matter how deep the wounds, God’s love and grace are greater. Here are some ways Christian faith can support healing:

Trust in God's Plan: Belief in God’s sovereignty and that He has a purpose, even in suffering, can provide a sense of hope and direction. Jeremiah 29:11 reminds us that God has plans to give us hope and a future, even when we feel broken.

Prayer and Communion with God: Prayer becomes a direct line to God, offering comfort, guidance, and peace. Through prayer, those suffering from trauma can bring their pain to Jesus, who Himself endured immense suffering, and find solace in His presence.

Scripture for Healing: The Bible offers verses that speak of healing, restoration, and God’s unfailing love. Meditating on scriptures like Psalm 147:3 ("He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds") can bring peace and encouragement during difficult times.

Jesus as a Source of Strength: Jesus understands suffering and trauma deeply. He not only experienced betrayal, abuse, and abandonment but also overcame it all through the resurrection. Christians can draw strength from knowing that Christ walks with them through their pain and leads them toward healing.

Christian Community: Being part of a supportive church community offers fellowship, encouragement, and prayer support. Sharing burdens within a trusted group of believers can help individuals feel less isolated and more connected to God’s family.

Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Christianity teaches the power of forgiveness, both of self and others. While the trauma is never the victim’s fault, learning to forgive those who caused harm (with proper boundaries) can be a crucial step toward emotional freedom and peace.

In a Christian context, healing from C-PTSD can be seen as part of the process of sanctification, where God is continually working to restore, redeem, and make all things new. Trusting in Jesus as the ultimate healer and redeemer brings hope that full restoration is possible, not just in this life, but in eternity.

Resources for individuals with C-PTSD include:

Therapy and counseling (in-person or online)

Support groups (local or online)

Books and educational materials on trauma recovery

Hotlines for crisis support (such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline)

Faith-based organizations that provide trauma support